Monetite-based composite cranial implants demonstrate long-term clinical volumetric balance by concomitant bone formation and degradation

The use of calcium phosphates (CaPs) as synthetic bone substitutes should ideally result in a volumetric balance with concomitant formation and degradation. Clinical data on such properties is nevertheless lacking, especially for monetite-based CaPs. However, composite implant has recently shown promising cranial reconstructions, both CaP degradation formation. In this study, the change at site was quantified longitudinally by clinical computed tomography (CT). retrospective CT datasets had been acquired postoperatively (n = 10), 1-year 9) 3-year 5) follow-ups. follow-up, total -8 ± 8%. A increase (bone formation) found implant–bone interface, decrease observed central region (CaP degradation). subjects 2- or follow-ups, rate slowed down plateaued. reported lower than previous studies monetite, likely due to presence pyrophosphate CaP-formulation. 31-months retrieval specimen analysis demonstrated that parts remodeled into bone. phase composition remained stable, 6% transformation hydroxyapatite. conclusion, study demonstrates successful bone-bonding between CaP-material recipient bone, well long-term defects repaired implant, which motivates further use. developed methods could be used future correlating spatiotemporal information regarding regeneration e.g. patient demographics. defect phosphate (CaP) bioceramics results Here, concept investigated implant. volumes were from CT-data: postoperatively, one year three years postoperatively. total, 8% after year. But plateaued, only 2% additional follow-up 5), indicating rate. Osseointegration seen bone–implant 9 7% This presented first quantitative